Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Sahid Susanto

Institutions
Dept.of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University

Abstract
Bantul Regency is a rice barn area for the Special Province of Yogyakarta. For a long time, this regency has been self-sufficient in rice. In the last five years, the conversion of irrigated rice fields has changed to become settlements at the rate of 81.2 ha a year as a result of the population growth rate of 2.04% a year. The study aims to determine the contribution of irrigated land in maintaining regional rice self-sufficiency. The analytical methodology used applies the quantitative analytical description approach to estimate the rice supply-demand balance position for 2006-2015. The results were applied to predict the balance position for the next 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years with 10 scenarios. The results show that this regency has surplus of rice in 2006-2015 with self-sufficiency rate of 1.08-1.28. The scenario simulation results show that the rate of population growth causes the rice deficit to be wider and faster to occur. To prevent the occurrence of the rice deficit, control of land conversion and control of the population must be carried out simultaneously. Land use change also has a high risk for irrigation activities carried out because it causes changes in the water balance, losses to irrigation network infrastructure, lack of water in planting season II and plating season III.

Keywords
land use conversion, irrigated rice fields, population growth, rice self-sufficiency, supply-demand balance

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/phdj4gxCWwPL

Corresponding Author
ichwana Ramli

Institutions
Agriculture Engineering Departement, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

Abstract
This research was to analyze the domestic and smallholder farm water demand in Village Kajhu Baitussalam Sub-district, Aceh Besar District. The parameters observed in domestic water demand were discharge, speed, pressure, pressure loss and water demand while on the smallholder agriculture, the parameters observed were daily average discharge on irrigation channel. Pipeline network information obtained from PDAM Tirta Mountala. The data obtained are water supply, water demand, flow, velocity, pipe diameter, pipe length, pipe type and pipe elevation. Pipeline network analysis used EPANET 2.0 software. The results of the EPANET 2.0 analysis were interpreted in the form of pipeline network maps. The maps shows the water flow received by pipelines, pressure, pressure loss and velocity. Based on research, water needs for smallholder farm has been sufficient. Water required for smallholder farm is 658 m3 a day while average debit through irrigation channel is 135.648 m3 a day. Domestic water requirement of 0,499 l per sec while the average discharge based on the simulation result is 0,422 l per sec. Water Distribution to the research location is still not functioning optimally because there are several criteria of pipeline network that has not been fulfilled such as the water debit in the channel is not sufficient, there is a pipe with speed less than 0.6 m / s, node with pressure less than 25 mH2O, pipe length, pipe diameters and the distribution is still uneven.

Keywords
domestic water demand, smallholder farm, EPANET 2.0, pipeline, water distribution

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jcNhXf8EzRHW

Corresponding Author
Fiqi Ahmat Farizi

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*ngadisihugm[at]gmail.com, ngadisih[at]ugm.ac.id
b) Laboratory of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA

Abstract

Keywords
Erosion, landslides, correlation, hydrophysic, infiltration, karangkobar catchment

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/7NQ2zgRrfMnJ

Corresponding Author
Putri Kultsum Van Tando

Institutions
(a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
*ngadisihugm[at]gmail.com, ngadisih[at]ugm.ac.id
(b) Laboratory of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
(c) Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Unit 1, Catur Tunggal, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
(d) Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA

Abstract
Serayu is the most risky catchment to landslide and soil erosion in Indonesia due to extreme geo-morphological and climatic conditions and dense population with intensive farming. Hence, integrated agriculture-forestry system (agroforestry) as a method for maintaining ecosystem is an important initial step for sustainable development in Serayu catchment. Landslide and soil erosion are strongly influenced by soil moisture content through the role of infiltration. A higher soil infiltration capacity reduces the volume of surface run-off and consequently soil erosion could be minimized while the susceptibility to landslide would increase. Till date, the literature less explore the influencing-factors of infiltration capacity. Mostly, the discussions are focusing on the role of agroforestry to soil properties, micro-climate, and land productivity. Analysis on factors-influencing infiltration capacity is required for mitigating the susceptibility of landslide and soil erosion. This study was aimed to analyze the influencing-factors of infiltration capacity in integrated agriculture-forestry system at Serayu watershed by using multinomial regression. Two micro-catchments at upper part of Serayu watershed were employed which represent agroforestry and intensive farming. Characteristic of climate, hydrology and vegetation were collected from each micro-catchment. The variables of multinomial regression were involved soil texture, structure, bulk density, particle density, soil moisture content, soil organic matter, root density, and infiltration rate.

Keywords
Multinomial regression; Infiltration capacity; Integrated agriculture-forestry system; Serayu Watershed

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xQbPrp2LDczJ

Corresponding Author
Nadya Andriyani Rahmadi

Institutions
1) Universitas Gadjah Mada
Bulaksumur Yogyakarta 55281
info[at]ugm.ac.id
2) Faculty of Technology Agricultural
Jl. Flora No. 1 Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281

Abstract
This research was aimed to measure actual evapotranspiration, to determine of water requirement and crop coefficient (Kc) of longan (Dimorcapus longan Lour.) was cultivated in Longan Nawungan orchard, Selopamioro Village, Imogiri Sub-district. Plot scale of water balance was applied to determine ETa, with input components were rainfall and irrigation, while output were ETa, water storage (&

Keywords
crop water requirements;water balance;reference evapotranpiration;crop coefficient

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/MrfZcAepmPvX

Corresponding Author
Delvan Alviandi

Institutions
Universitas Gadjah Mada

Abstract
This aim of this study was to apply water balance formula for calculating plant water requirements and the plant coefficient (Kc) of Annona muricata L. The Annona muricata L. was farmed at Nawungan orchard in Selopamioro village Imogiri sub-district. Village monographs, 1: 25,000 scale Indonesian Earth map and climate data were used to gain the purpose of study. An Automatic Weather Station (AWS) was installed in Nawungan orchard to record rainfall, air relative humidity, wind velocity, solar radiation, as well as soil moisture every fifteen minutes. A set of surface runoff equipment was set in Annona muricata L farming land. Infiltration test was conducted in nine selected location of Annona muricata L farming land and later it used to find soil percolation value. The purposive sampling method was adopted to assign the nine locations of infiltration test. The reference evapotranspiration (ET0) was calculated by Penman-Monteith method. Later, water balance formula was applied to determine the actual plant water requirements (ETa) and plant coefficient value (Kc). This study proved reference evapotranspiration (ET0) the study area was 5.74 mm/day, the actual crop water requirement (ETa) of Annona muricata L was 7.98 mm/day. Kc of Annona muricata L was 0,557 mm/day.

Keywords
plant water requirements, water balance, reference evapotranspiration, plant coefficient

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ekDnxH9CU8FW

Corresponding Author
Murtiningrum Murtiningrum

Institutions
a) Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
*tiningm[at]ugm.ac.id

Abstract
One effort to achieve food self-sufficiency in Indonesia is by developing and rehabilitating irrigation infrastructures. The physical development will perform well when it is accompanied by the human resources with appropriate capacity to manage the irrigation system. The previous research stated that there were knowledge gaps between importance and understanding of some knowledges of irrigation operation. The objective of this research was to determine method of knowledge gap reduction using TOPSIS and ELECTRE methods. The alternatives offered were face-to-face training, sharing groups, internet learning, video module and book module. The criteria to decide among alternatives were available expert, duration, available equipment, and learning habit. The opinions about the alternatives based on the criteria were selected based on respondents response. The analysis using both TOPSIS and ELECTRE methods showed that provision of book module or printed materials the best option to reduce knowledge gaps of irrigation manager in Colo Irrigation System.

Keywords
Knowledge gaps, TOPSIS, ELECTRE, alternative, criteria

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/UbMkf4vgQEZ3

Corresponding Author
Burhanuddin Rasyid

Institutions
1Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi
2Department of Dry Land Agriculture Management, National Agriculture Polytechnic of Kupang, East Nusatenggara
E-mail: burrasyid[at]unhas.ac.id

Abstract
Soil-water interactions and its management is serious issue in water availability for plant cultivation especially in the water scarce area. The objective of this study is to determine water use efficiency of maize which is cultivated in vertisol soil with different water content and biochar application. The experiment was designed in four level water content of field capacity (FC) vis., 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%., and three treatments of soil amendment (control, biochar, and zeolith addition). Data was collected in terms of water content dynamics (water use efficiency, crop water consumption), and dry matter weight. Results found that biochar application had significant effect in all parameters evaluated compare to control and zeolith. In combination treatments, there is no significant effect of soil amendment and control with 70% and 80% FC treatments to plant dry weight. Various value was also observed in crop water consumption with significant effect in soil amendment on 100% and 70% FC, conversely there is no different effect in 80% and 90% FC. Water use efficiency was affected by soil amendment but it shown differences in treatment of water content level. All results of this study therefore concluded that soil amendment and water content management need to be combine in support plant growth on the area with water limiting factor.

Keywords
soil-water, soil amendment, water use efficiency, crop water consumption

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/JjE6CBGekbZ7

Corresponding Author
Sitti Nur Faridah Faridah

Institutions
Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University
Add. Perintis Kemerdekaan Tamalanrea Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract
Sprinkler irrigation is an irrigation application technology, which has a high efficiency in the use of water, it is very appropriate to be applied in a relatively dry area. In its application, high effectiveness of sprinkler irrigation systems can only be achieved if properly designed irrigation system and is operated properly. This research was conducted by designing irrigation networks. The irrigation application uses butterflay sprinkler with nozzle diameter size of 2 mm and 4 mm and pressure treatment to get the effectiveness of the irrigation system performance. Sprinkler "Butterfly 988" with a nozzle diameter of 2 mm, effectively used at a pressure of 10-20 Psi, with a spray radius of 3.90 - 5.70 meters, watering discharge 6.49 - 8.10 liters / minute and water uniformity distribution 88, 3 - 90.8%. As for the 4 mm nozzle diameter, it is effectively used at a pressure of 15-30 Psi, with a spray radius of 4.90 - 6.00 meters, a watering discharge of 9.98 - 14.83 liters / minute and a water uniformity distribution of 90.4 - 91, 7%.

Keywords
Butterfly sprinkler, dry land

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/nZDRKHFjUtCk

Corresponding Author
Putri Kultsum Van Tando

Institutions
(a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
(b) Laboratory of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Agro No. 1 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA

Abstract
Karangkobar catchment is upland of Serayu watershed. Karangkobar catchment is characterized as rough topography, thick solum, high rainfall, and the land use dominated by agriculture. Unfortunately, the agricultural system ignores the principles of soil and water conservation. The purpose of this study was to describe and to evaluate the terrace design as soil and water conservation. The tools used were GPS, roll meter, and abney level. The study were conducted using qualitative descriptive. The purposive sampling method was adopted to determine the terrace point. The indicator to evaluate terrace design were slope, solum, soil texture, and land management. Terrace suitability evaluation used arithmetic matching methods based on technical requirements and observations of soil terracing. This study revealed that the percentage of bench terrace in study area was 43.75%, 25% ridge terrace, 12.5% water drainage channel, and without conservation 18.75%. The suitability of design: 25% was the fit design, moderate 18.75%, and bad design 56.25%. Making and repairing terraces to fit design was costly.

Keywords
Terrace; Karangkobar catchment; Conservation; unit lands

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/aC9wkR2xvTqF

Corresponding Author
Hanggar Ganara Mawandha

Institutions
a) Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Japan
*mawandha[at]stu.kobe-u.ac.jp
b) Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency, Indonesia
c) Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, Japan

Abstract
High-precision of rainfall prediction in a matter of rates and time is significant aspects for such issues in disaster mitigation, irrigation management, public services, and many others. Rainfall in the mountainous region has unique characteristics related to time-varying and spatial distribution. In Mt.Merapi region, located at the border of Special Region of Yogyakarta Province and Central Java Province, Indonesia, rainfalls are typically classified as the deep-convective type which occurs in a short period with high intensity. Therefore short term rainfall predictions in a proper way remain challenging tasks. The use of remote monitoring instruments such as the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is believed to provide a better measurement accuracy through the identification of water vapor variation in the process of deep convection weather. GNSS observes the geodetic position of the GNSS antenna or receiver while it broadcasts microwave signals continuously through the atmosphere to the ground-based receivers. As they travel through the atmosphere, the microwave signals are mostly influenced by ionospheric and neutral atmospheric effects which cause some delays. By using a sufficiently dense network of GNSS receivers, the impact of the neutral atmosphere delay can be estimated as a by-product of the geodetic processing. These delays can be regarded as an indirect measure of the integrated water vapor along the path and measured as Zenith Total Delay (ZTD). By studying the relationship between time-varying ZTD and rainfall, it can be found that the ZTD level increases sharply before raining. Through the deployment of GNSS receivers, the spatial feature of rainfall characteristics is also depicted. The initial results showed that the increase of ZTD is strongly correlated to rainfall occurrence based on the rain gauges measurement around Mt.Merapi region. The results show that the rate of true forecasted is about 65%, with the lead time recorded is two hours before the actual event.

Keywords
GNSS, ZTD, rainfall, prediction

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/48RpZzBY9vQN

Corresponding Author
Sitti Nur Faridah Faridah

Institutions
Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University
Add. Perintis Kemerdekaan Tamalanrea Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract
Success in implement irrigation area management activities is highly dependent on data availability. The existence of a realtime, fast, and accurate information is very important. The data and information needed must be easily accessible to interested parties. Development of an irrigation network information system is carried out by converting data into coordinate form using ArcGIS software. Visual studio software is used to display all data that has been processed. Spatial-based irrigation network information systems built using ArcGIS and Visual Studio software can easily obtain information about channel conditions, rating curves, channel profiles and channel photos. the availability of spatial-based irrigation network information systems facilitates the management of irrigation networks.

Keywords
Information system, visual studio, irrigation network

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/qrgpKXNMBcfU

Corresponding Author
Andrianto Ansari

Institutions
a. Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science
Tokyo University Of Agriculture and Technology
*s175560s[at]st.go.tuat.ac.id
b. Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Abstract
Keduang Sub-Watershed is the greatest sediment producer into Gajah Mungkur Reservoir. One of the ways to reduce sedimentation is applying soil and water conservation in the mountainous area, i.e. applying terrace paddy fields. There are so many advantages of utilizing terrace paddy fields for the sustainability of the environment due to its capability to retain water and reduce surface run-off. The objective of this study is to simulate the discharge and sedimentation process of the watershed (Keduang Sub-Watershed) containing terrace paddy fields using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model that integrated with Geographic Information Systems (ArcSWAT version 2012.10.4.21). Model calibration and validation were performed for monthly periods using Sequential Uncertainty Fitting 2 (SUFI-2) within SWAT-CUP that was using observed streamflow data at catchment outlet. Model performance indicator used in this research were Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). The calibration and validation outputs for monthly simulation showed good performances for discharges. From the simulation of the SWAT model, terrace paddy fields can reduce sedimentation around 37.96 % compared with the result of simulation without applying terrace paddy. It indicated that terrace paddy fields have a significant role in environmental issues, especially in the mountainous area.

Keywords
Terrace; SWAT; SWAT-CUP; Discharge; Sedimentation.

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/jvn6NVTwB4xL

Corresponding Author
Fathi Alfinur Rizqi

Institutions
Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region 55281

Abstract
Controlled drip irrigation systems are one of the most efficient irrigation systems. The soil moisture sensor has a problem with positioning in the soil which causes errors in reading the actual moisture levels and failure to meet the actual crop water requirements. This research aims to determine the optimum position of the soil moisture sensor that represents the actual condition of the root crop water requirements. Knowledge of soil wetted arising from the infiltration of an efficient controlled irrigation system, determines the position of the sensor. The experiment used 26 soil moisture sensor and approached the ratio comparison between the observation of the volume wetting and the volume of the wetting sensor moisture in each segment with an interval of 6 minutes. Indicated the sensor at that location represented actual wetted these occurred in a controlled drip irrigation system. The results showed, the sensors of soil moisture numbers 16, 17 and 18 have the best R2 average value of 0.973, 0.953 and 0.931. These values showed that optimal position of the soil moisture sensor, which represents the actual condition of the crop water requirements. Thus, in the application of drip irrigation the position of the optimal soil moisture sensor is controlled at a depth of 10 cm at a radius of 5 cm from the emitter.

Keywords
Sensor Positioning, Soil Moisture Sensor, Controlled Drip Irrigation

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9ZpFqHMajvDG

Corresponding Author
Mahmud Achmad

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia

Abstract
This study aims to predict the impact of land use change in Ussu sub-catchment area during the last 10 years on the rate of soil erosion and sedimentation yield in Malili River. The Modified USLE method is used to predict soil erosion rates in 2009 and 2015 by using DEM data, Landsat 8 Image, station rainfall data, and land use. Sediment yield is determined using flow rates calculated using the spline cubic interpolation method, the SDR of the water sample is verified by the equations developed by SCS, Vanoni, Boyce and Auswald based on the suitability of the measured surrounding sub-watershed. The results show that soil erosion rates have increased in the period of 6 years. Erosion rate increased from 58,693 tons in 2009 to 155,136 tons in 2015. SDR value was obtained at 0.1894, so the potential sedimentation in the Malili River was predicted to a maximum of 1.57 cm in 2009 and 4.15 cm in 2015. Contributions of soil erosion to sedimentation has occurred as the impact of the increased deforested land around 654.8 ha.

Keywords
land-use, Malili River, soil erosion, sedimentation, USLE

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4hugjZkpWHKa

Corresponding Author
Chandra Setyawan

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
*chandra_tsap[at]yahoo.com
b) Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
c) Department of Soil and Water Conservation, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.

Abstract
Watershed assessment methods have been developed in many types of approaches and purposes. However, the assessment concepts which are explicitly considering spatial aspects of a watershed remain unclear. The present study performed a spatial modeling for watershed health assessment in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Five indicators presented in GIS raster maps such as annual rainfall, land slope, land use/land cover (LULC) types, soil types and population density were used for the assessment and applied in Progo watershed, Central Java Province, Indonesia. A quantitative scoring was applied to classify indicator value and to categorize the watershed health level in five zones (very poor, poor, moderate, good and very good). The result shows that the study site is covered by three health level zones (poor, moderate and good). About 47.85% of the watershed area has a moderate health level. While, 39.04% and 13.11% of the watershed area are covered by areas with poor and good health level, respectively. Spatially, the area with poor health level is dominated by farmland and steep sloping area. Spatial modeling enables a watershed health assessment with a more specific and understandable result for watershed problems control

Keywords
Agricultural watershed, GIS, spatial modelling, watershed assessment.

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/9WwjRbfNyXPU

Corresponding Author
Asih Priyati

Institutions
a) Study Program of Agriculture Engineering, Universitas Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62, Mataram 83125, Indonesia
*asihpriyati[at]unram.ac.id

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design a microcontroller based automatic plant watering system. The method used was an experimental method using two sensors, i.e. soil moisture sensor (measure soil moisture) and ultrasonic sensors (measure the distance of rotary direction regulator for DC motors). Arduino board is preferable as the main controller due to its simplicity. Tool testing was conducted through trials on soil samples and performance tests when the tool was operating. The parameters observed were solar intensity (Lux), ambient temperature (C), RH (%), water discharge (ml/s), DC motor axis rotation (rpm), AC and DC voltage (Volt), and soil moisture (%). The tool testing showed that the designed watering system could works properly with less than 10% MAPE. When the sensor read the soil moisture value below 70% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned on. Whereas, when the soil moisture value achieved 80% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned off. Performance test was conducted for three days of observation. The founding shows that the designed automatic watering system could successfully provide as much as 2.52 litre of water during approximately 6 minutes of watering period.

Keywords
automatic sprinklers, design, soil moisture

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hqfCBbNJMcFZ

Corresponding Author
Bustomi Rosadi

Institutions
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung Unversity

Abstract
Abstract. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) applied at late vegetative stage on yield and water productivity (WP) of Soybean grown in pots. This research was conducted in a plastic house on the Experiment Station of Lampung University from October 2018 to January 2019. Five seeds of soybean (Anjasmoro variety) were sowed in a 10L pot but three plants were removed and only two plants were maintained for further study. Water treatment levels of the RDI were DI1 (100 %) of total available water (TAW) as the control, DI2 (80 %), DI3 (60 %), DI4 (40 %) and DI5 (20 %), arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications, totally 20 experimental units (pots) in this research. The water levels were maintained by replacing daily water loss with the same amount of water. After the period of treatment at the late vegetative stage ended, all plants were fully irrigated at field capacity level. The results revealed that the soybean plant started to experience water stress at week IV, and it happened to DI4 and CI5 in that they were significantly different from DI1 (fully irrigated) at p<0.05. Based on DI4 status, critical depletion fraction (p) was concluded to be 0.6, and water stress coefficient (Ks) was 0.79 on the average. Then DI3 was categorized as the optimum option because DI3 did not statistically experience water stress at p<0.05. With DI3 scheme, crop water requirement (CWR) could be significantly reduced from 38875.50 mL (DI1) to 36746.5 mL or 566.08 mm (DI3), while WP and grain yield could be maintained at maximum levels at 0.48 and 8.95 g plant-1 respectively. The WP and grain yield were not significantly different from those of DI1 at p<0.05.

Keywords
Anjasmoro variety, critical water content, crop water requirement, water stress, water use efficiency

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/xZrnDThQYM8A

Corresponding Author
Sugeng Triyono

Institutions
1) Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Lampung Province, Indonesia
2) email: striyono2001[at]yahoo.com

Abstract
Abstract. This study aims to test three different storage tanks (mechanical cooler, Styrofoam box, and bucket) of nutrient solution to cultivate three Brassica vegetables (pak coi, mustard green, and kai lan) in a DFT system. Randomized Complete Block (RCB) used consisted of a single treatment with 3 levels (the three vegetables) and 3 blocks (the three containers). The parameters observed in this study included air (temperature and RH), nutrient solution (temperature, pH, EC, evapotranspiration), plant (height, number of leaves, plant weight, and ash content). Air temperature and relative humidity were recorded using a data logger with delay time of 15 minutes. Daily pH and EC of nutrient solution were measured by using a TDS and pH meter. Evaporation and plant height was measured by using a rule, number of leaves was counted, and the rest were measured gravimetrically at the harvest time. The results showed that temperatures of the nutrient solutions were minimum of 15C to maximum of 23-25C (stored in the mechanical cooler), minimum of 24C to maximum of 33-35C (stored in Styrofoam box), and minimum of 24C to maximum of 35C (stored in the bucket). The nutrient temperature in the cooler was practically lower than that in Styrofoam box and bare bucket. Crops cultivated with nutrient solution stored in the cooler were the best for some parameters observed, followed by the crops cultured with nutrient solution stored in Styrofoam, and the worst was crops cultured in the nutrient solution stored in the bucket. Shoot fresh weights of harvested vegetables were 148.18 g per plant from the cooler, 108.11 g per plant from the Styrofoam box and 85.07 g per plant from the bucket.

Keywords
kale, mustard, nutrient temperature, pakcoy

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/hyAXZcteDjV9

Corresponding Author
Ansita Gupitakingkin Pradipta

Institutions
a) Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*ansita.pradipta[at]ugm.ac.id

b) CV. Gama Tirtabumi, Indonesia
Jl. Bonang No.4, Depok, Sleman 55283, Indonesia

Abstract
Rainfall-runoff transformation is carried out when the series of discharge data is limited or unavailable. One of the component of rainfall-runoff transformation is unit hydrograph, which can be derived synthetically. The selection of the representative synthetic unit hydrograph is fundamental related to the results of further calculation. This study compared three types of synthetic unit hydrograph, that were Gama I, Nakayasu and SCS. The study was conducted in Juana Watershed, which is located in Central Java Province and composed of 52 sub-watersheds. The calculation was carried out in the control point of Sentul Weir by using HEC-HMS version 4.2.1, in the case of January 2014 flood events. The results showed that the peak discharge from Gama I, Nakayasu, and SCS synthetic unit hydrograph were 80.78 m3/s, 85.32 m3/s and 78.89 m3/s respectively. Those results then compared with the flood mark in Sentul Weir which was estimated 76.53 m3/s. Therefore, the SCS method was determined as the representative synthetic unit hydrograph in Juana Watershed, refers to the minimum error value of 3.08%. Then the analysis of design flood hydrograph for the 52 sub-watersheds in Juana Watershed can be approached by using the SCS synthetic unit hydrograph method.

Keywords
synthetic unit hydrograph; watershed; SCS method

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6aH2XZMDngBt

Corresponding Author
Murtiningrum Murtiningrum

Institutions
a) Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
* tiningm[at]ugm.ac.id
b) National working Group on Indonesia Modernization of Irrigation
c) Ministry of Agriculture
d) Faculty of Civil and Environment Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung
d) National Development Planning Agency

Abstract
In the last decades before entering 21fts century, many countries of the world have been facing critical issues of less in food production, lack energy availability and weak water recourses management as well. Beside of these issues another phenomenon dealing with climate change also is coming up and treating peoples in some respects. In the developing country such as Indonesia environmental load in term of increasing population rate occur tremendously. More peoples mean more resources have to be provided. However, some recourse is scares and others are not available every time. Better water resources management even this aspect was considered as critical one, but it was could be used as a tool to solve the problems properly. Increasing water users in the river basin would also create competition among of them. Recently about 80 % of water use in the world goes to irrigation purposes and most of them are managed inefficient and less effective way. Changing of government policy and change of ecology may made irrigation water management getting worst. Irrigation management could not implement by using conventional method. A new approach to make irrigation management running better must be setting up. The Ministry of public works and Housing to represent Government of Republic of Indonesia launched irrigation modernization of Indonesia program in year of 2011. This paper aims to present concept and implementation progress of the Program.

Keywords
modernization, irrigation, Indonesia, concept, implementation

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ZfAtR7v9GHQp

Corresponding Author
Suhardi Suhardi

Institutions
Hasanuddin University

Abstract
The decline quality of land of cocoa plantations mainly due to erosion by runoff. The application of the Zero Run-off system can reduce rill erosion by eliminating surface runoff. The study was conducted to get the dimensions and layout of the system of Zero Run-Off is effective in improving infiltration so there is no runoff. Dimensions of the system is designed using the water balance approach, where all runoff accommodated in the zero Run- off system then infiltrated. Surface runoff calculated by the method of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS). Potential rate of water inflow into the soil is a function of the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil and the surface area of the system. Soil hydraulic conductivity is determined by the falling head method. Dimensions of the system known through a simulation model based on the physical condition data of field using a dynamic model. The simulation results show that the dimensions of the system are required to enter the entire runoff into the ground in the form of infiltration is a function of rainfall, catchment area and the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. Using this data, the dimensions and position of the systems zero run-off can be determined accurately. For the conditions of research sites, the whole wet surface area of the system at 5 x 106 mm2 per m2. With a broad measure of the volume of water present in the systems of 0 to 0.0000055 m3, so that the system depths of 1,000 mm, then there is no runoff occurs.

Keywords
Zero Run-Off System, SCS, Water balance, Cacao Land

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/NvpfVj8EyLgh

Corresponding Author
Nova Anika

Institutions
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera

Abstract
To feed the increasing world population, the demand for food and consequently irrigation water is predicted to increase in the future. However, the amount of water available for agriculture is increasingly becoming uncertain in the face of global climate change. Therefore, improvement in water productivity is necessary for sustainable production of crops such as rice. Water productivity varies across regions and across fields within a region, and is dependent on several factors such as crop patterns, climate patterns, irrigation technology and field water management, land and infrastructure, and other inputs, including labor, fertilizer, and machinery. The objective of this study was to estimate water supply and demand in Sumani watershed, a primary rice-producing region, to analyze water productivity for sustainable rice production. Approximately 30% of the area in Sumani is paddy fields, which depend on the availability of water resources.. Approximately 67% of the rice fields are cultivated three times a year. In general, the planting schedule of rice is divided into three periods: main planting season (wet season), Gadu planting season (planting in the end of wet season and harvesting in the dry season), and dry planting season. Although the planting schedules are not uniform, we assumed these as uniform, to simplify the analysis, by using majority cropping schedule in the study site. To ensure water availability in the dry season, four types of irrigation systems were used: technical irrigation (TI), semi-technical irrigation (STI), simple irrigation (SI), and non-government irrigation (NGI). The results showed that depending on the planting season and irrigation system, water productivity varied from 0.33 kg/m3 in the Gadu season in areas irrigated by the SI and NGI systems to 0.73 kg/m3 in the wet season in area irrigated by the TI system. The average water productivity in the study area was 0.53 kg/m3. Water productivity in this study area was lower than the average water productivity in other rice production areas in Java and Bali.

Keywords
Irrigated area, rice, water productivity

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/kzfNy8URhj2m

Corresponding Author
Budi Indra Setiawan

Institutions
a) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
* budindra[at]ipb.ac.id
b) Ministry of Agriculture, the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
c) Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
d) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
e) Kensetsu Kogyo Co., Ltd, Hagi, Yamaguchi, Japan

Abstract
Sheet-pipe is a sort of perforated mole drain placed horizontally between 30-50 cm below the land surface commonly having a water-logged problem. The sheet-pipe can be installed with a heavy machine mole drainer. The main purpose of installing sheet-pipe is to maintain or control the expected water table in farmlands. Sheet-pipe having a diameter of 5 mm has been installed at depth of 40 cm with a drain spacing of 4 m and length of 100 m covering a paddy field of 1 hectare located in Sukamandi District, Subang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Field investigation and numerical studies were undertaken to figure out water head profiles surrounding the sheet-pipe. The paddy field installed with sheet-pipe can be drained faster (2 times) and in consequence, its water level can be managed easier. Right after an effective rainfall event (34 mm), the rainwater immediately infiltrates downward resulting in a parabolic curve of infiltration rate (maximum rate 0.94 cm/h) which clearly differs with a common infiltration curve (steady state 0.121 cm/h). Water level profile is horizontally flat except at the points closer to the sheet-pipe which is showing the presence of outward gradients of the water head. The electrical conductivity was low (0.33 mS/cm) due to the leaching effect. In this case, land productivity (around 6 t/ha) increased by 6%.

Keywords
waterlogged; mole drain; sheet-pipe; water table; water discharge

Topic
Land and water resources engineering

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/J3HmUKz82LMZ